Egypt, World War I and independence

In November 1914 Britain declared war on the Ottoman Empire and in December proclaimed a protectorate over Egypt, deposed 'Abbas, and appointed his uncle, Husayn Kamil, with the title of sultan. Kitchener was succeeded by Sir Henry MacMahon, and he by Sir Reginald Wingate, both with the title of high commissioner. Although Egypt was not required to provide troops, the people,